Dune Gecko (Stenodactylus sthenodactylus)

Dune Gecko

Scientific Name: Stenodactylus sthenodactylus
Common Name: Dune Gecko

Species Overview

Size: Adults typically reach 3–4 inches (7.5–10 cm) in total length, including the tail. They are small, delicate geckos with proportionally large eyes and a fine, sand-adapted build.

Appearance: The Dune Gecko is a small desert-dwelling species with a slender body, short limbs, and a rounded snout. Its base colour ranges from pale cream to sandy beige, often patterned with faint, irregular blotches that blend seamlessly with its surroundings. The skin is semi-translucent, with a smooth matte texture, and the large, lidless eyes are dark and reflective—well-suited to its nocturnal lifestyle. Their subtle colouring and fine scales provide near-perfect camouflage against arid landscapes.

Distribution: Found throughout the Middle East and North Africa, including Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula.

Habitat: Dune Geckos inhabit sandy deserts, dunes, and dry scrub regions. They are well adapted to loose, shifting substrates, often burrowing beneath the surface during the day to escape heat. In captivity, they thrive in dry, well-ventilated enclosures that replicate these arid habitats.

Behaviour: Primarily nocturnal and ground-dwelling, Dune Geckos are active and alert after dark. They are gentle and non-aggressive but can be shy and quick-moving. They use their delicate limbs to “swim” through sand and may occasionally make short, darting runs to capture small insects. With patient care and minimal disturbance, they adapt well to captivity and make fascinating display animals.

Captive Care

Enclosure: Provide an enclosure measuring at least 18 inches × 18 inches × 12 inches (45 × 45 × 30 cm) for an adult pair or small group, though larger enclosures are always beneficial. Use a compacted sand-soil mixture or fine desert substrate that supports burrowing behaviour. Add a few secure hides, flat rocks, and dry wood pieces for structure.

Temperature & Humidity: Maintain a warm side of 88–92°F (31–33°C) with an ambient temperature around 80°F (27°C) and a cooler end near 74°F (23°C). Nighttime drops to 70°F (21°C) are ideal. Humidity should remain low (20–40%) with occasional light misting to mimic desert dew.

Lighting: Provide a 12-hour day/night cycle. While primarily nocturnal, low-intensity UVB (2–5%) improves calcium metabolism and supports natural behaviour.

Diet: Feed small insects such as pinhead crickets, bean beetles, small roaches, and fruit flies. Offer food 3–4 times per week, dusting insects with calcium and multivitamin supplements regularly.

Behaviour in Captivity: Dune Geckos are fast but rarely aggressive. They are best appreciated as a display species rather than one for regular handling. Their natural behaviours—digging, hunting, and surface-skimming—are most visible in a quiet, dimly lit environment.

Special Considerations: Provide dry, secure enclosures with minimal humidity to prevent respiratory issues. Use a secure lid, as these small geckos can climb textured surfaces or squeeze through tight gaps.

Sand: Addressing Concerns and Misconceptions

Sand is a natural part of the Dune Gecko’s habitat and can be used safely when applied correctly. Compacted, mineral-based sand or a soil-sand blend allows for stable burrowing and natural movement. Loose, powdery, or calcium-based sands should be avoided, as they increase the risk of ingestion or respiratory irritation. For juveniles, a slightly compacted substrate layer is preferred to reduce the chance of accidental ingestion while supporting natural behaviour.

Taxonomy Note

The Dune Gecko (Stenodactylus sthenodactylus) belongs to the family Gekkonidae and is one of several Stenodactylus species adapted to desert life. The genus is sometimes referred to as “short-fingered geckos,” referencing their compact limbs and toes suited for digging in sand. The species’ taxonomy is stable, with S. sthenodactylus being the most widespread and well-known member of its genus.

Genetics Note

There are currently no recognized morphs or genetic variants of the Dune Gecko (Stenodactylus sthenodactylus) in captivity. Natural variation in tone and pattern occurs between regional populations, reflecting environmental adaptation rather than selective breeding.