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Description
The Lima Shovelnose Catfish (Sorubim lima), also known as the Duckbill Catfish, is a notable freshwater fish found in the tropical climates of South America. Males can grow up to 21.3 inches and weigh nearly 2.9 pounds. This species is characterized by its elongated, scale-less body covered with bone plaques, featuring a grayish hue that transitions from dark brown on the back to yellowish and whitish on the underside. The fins are reddish to pink, and the mouth is round with a larger upper jaw.
S. lima primarily preys on fish, crustaceans, and invertebrates in the wild, making it an almost exclusively carnivorous species. It thrives in various river systems, including the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná, and Tocantins, and is often found in turbid, white-water rivers as well as quieter habitats like floodplain lakes. This fish is a significant food source in many regions and is fished commercially.
In the aquarium, S. lima requires a spacious environment, having dimly lit tank with soft sand substrate is ideal, along with roots and branches to create sheltered areas. Regular maintenance is essential, including a reliable filtration system and weekly water changes of 30-50% to maintain optimal water quality, as this species produces considerable waste.
Water conditions should be kept stable, with a temperature range of 74-86°F, a pH of 6.0-7.5, and hardness between 1-20°H. In captivity, these catfish can adapt to a diet of high-quality dead foods, but they also thrive on live or frozen options like bloodworms, chopped earthworms, and prawns. Adult Lima Shovelnose Catfish should be fed larger items such as whole mussels or chopped squid two to three times a week.
While generally peaceful, S. lima can be territorial with smaller tankmates, and anything that can fit into its mouth should be avoided. It’s best kept with larger, less territorial species such as loricariids, cichlids, and larger characins. Juveniles are gregarious, and while adults are less so, they can coexist well in larger aquariums.
Reproductive behavior in this species is not well-documented, though spawning is believed to occur during the rainy season, typical of many Amazonian fishes. The Lima Shovelnose Catfish is a unique and fascinating choice for dedicated aquarists who can provide the necessary care and environment for this captivating predator.